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Stabilise retirement provision and make it sustainable

Viewpoint
3 December 2025

Reforms in the area of retirement provision are of key importance for Switzerland’s future. OASI and OPA must be financially stabilised and designed to be sustainable in the long term. 

Retirement provision is facing major challenges: Life expectancy is increasing and people are having fewer children. Rising life expectancy means that pensions from state old-age and survivors’ insurance (OASI, first pillar) and occupational pensions (OPA, second pillar) are being paid out for ever longer periods. In addition, with OASI, the number of contributors per pension recipient is constantly decreasing due to baby boomers retiring and the birth rate falling, resulting in growing deficits without any countermeasures in place. And under the mandatory OPA insurance scheme, there is an enormous redistribution of funds outside the system from working people to pension recipients because the OPA conversion rate is much too high and investment returns have fallen. Lower returns are also expected in the future, which will further increase the pressure on the contributions side.

OASI: unresolved financing

Durch das «Ja» zur Steuer-AHV-Reform (STAF) in der Volksabstimmung vom 19. Mai 2019 sind die Einnahmen der AHV ab 2020 um rund 2 Milliarden Franken pro Jahr gestiegen. Davon stammen rund 1,2 Milliarden aus der Erhöhung der Lohnbeiträge um 0,3 Prozentpunkte. Nach dem «Ja» zur Stabilisierung der AHV («AHV 21») in der Volksabstimmung vom 25. September 2022 fliessen der AHV durch die Erhöhung der Mehrwertsteuer um 0,4 Prozentpunkte per 1. Januar 2024 jährlich zusätzlich weitere 1,4 Milliarden Franken zu.

In der Volksabstimmung vom 3. März 2024 wurde die Volksinitiative für eine 13. AHV-Rente angenommen. Die Kosten der 13. AHV-Rente belaufen sich bei der Einführung auf 4,1 Milliarden Franken. Sie steigen innerhalb von fünf Jahren auf rund 5 Milliarden Franken pro Jahr. Die Finanzierung wurde in der Volksinitiative offengelassen. Gleichzeitig wurde die Volksinitiative für eine sichere und nachhaltige Altersvorsorge, die die Anbindung des Rentenalters an die Lebenserwartung vorsah, abgelehnt. Damit wurden die mit STAF und AHV 21 erreichten Fortschritte bei der finanziellen Stabilisierung der AHV wieder preisgegeben.

 Am 14. Mai 2025 hat der Bundesrat die Stossrichtungen der Vorlage AHV 2030 festgelegt. Um die Finanzierung der AHV für die Zeit von 2030 bis 2040 zu sichern, will er die Einnahmen über die aktuellen Finanzierungsquellen (d. h. Lohnbeiträge und Mehrwertsteuer) erhöhen. Auf die Einführung neuer Finanzierungsquellen, wie etwa einer Finanztransaktionssteuer, einer Erbschaftssteuer oder einer Grundstückgewinnsteuer, will er dagegen verzichten. Um die Weiterbeschäftigung nach Erreichen des AHV-Referenzalters zu fördern, sollen das Höchstalter von 70 Jahren in der AHV aufgehoben, der Freibetrag erhöht und die Frühpensionierung weniger attraktiv gemacht werden. Ein höheres Referenzalter ist für den Bundesrat im Rahmen der Reform AHV 2030 dagegen keine Option. Zur Begründung führt er an, dass sich das Stimmvolk 2024 klar gegen eine Erhöhung ausgesprochen habe. Zudem wären für eine generelle Erhöhung des Referenzalters eine lange Übergangsphase sowie Kompensationsmass-nahmen nötig, weshalb sich die Erhöhung nicht früh genug auf die AHV-Finanzen auswirken würde, um die Finanzierung der AHV ab 2030 sicherzustellen.

OPA: ongoing need for reform

On 22 September 2024, the Swiss population rejected the occupational pension reform (OPA reform). The aim of the reform was to strengthen the financing of the second pillar by reducing the OPA conversion rate from 6.8 per cent to 6.0 per cent, to maintain the overall level of benefits and to improve protection for part-time employees. A reduction in the OPA conversion rate would have improved the situation of OPA minimum and close-to-minimum pension funds. These pension funds rely on a reduction of the OPA conversion rate in order to be able to curb or avoid pension losses. Alternatively, pension funds that provide benefits above the mandatory level have used the flexibility available to them and taken the necessary measures: 

  • All-encompassing pension funds have reduced the conversion rate to an average level of around 5.3 per cent.
  • Pension funds that use the splitting model have modified it by reducing the statutory conversion rate for mandatory retirement assets to, for example, 6.5 or 6.2 per cent and by applying an actuarially correct conversion rate for supplementary retirement assets of approx. 4.5 per cent. 

    As part of the OPA reform, provision was also made for an adjustment of the coordination deduction and a reduction of the entry threshold, as well as a flatter staggering of retirement credits (9 / 9 / 14 / 14 per cent instead of 7 / 10 / 15 / 18 per cent). The SIA supported these proposals as part of the overall package, i.e. in conjunction with a reduction in the OPA conversion rate. However, we cannot approve a reduction of the entry threshold and coordination deduction without a reduction in the OPA conversion rate, as this would exacerbate under-funding in the mandatory area.

Making retirement provision sustainable

Beyond financial stabilisation, we should strive to make OASI and OPA sustainable. Long-term sustainable financing of retirement provision requires that the parameters (reference retirement age, OPA conversion rate, OPA minimum interest rate) be set in line with actual conditions and adjusted in line with their development. The SIA supports relevant political initiatives.

Comprehensive offering by private life insurers

Private life insurers manage around one-eighth of occupational pension assets, insure more than two-fifths of actively insured persons (including pure risk insurance) and serve more than one-fifth of pension recipients (sources: FSO, Pension Fund Statistics 2023; FINMA, Data on Operating Statements for Occupational Pensions 2023).

Life insurers offer SMEs a comprehensive range of services. They compete actively with each other and with other pension providers. This is reflected, amongst other things, in varying investment returns, risk premiums and surpluses.

No further deterioration for group life insurance

The Swiss Solvency Test (SST) has significantly stepped up the requirements for creating and maintaining solvency capital. The excessively high capital requirements mean that guarantees and risk cover become too expensive and can therefore no longer be offered, or only to a limited extent. Those who are exposed to the relevant risks can no longer obtain cover to meet their needs – or the risks have to be borne by the state. This is in direct contradiction to the previous occupational (and private) pension structure, which has been broadly supported in society. Further deterioration of the framework conditions would not be acceptable.